Svenska ElektronikForumet

Al_Bundy skrev:Kolla upp vem al bundy är.

TomasL skrev:

Al_Bundy skrev:Kolla upp vem al bundy är.

"Al Bundy is a fictional character" hmm, är du också en "fictional character".

Andy skrev:Om vi bortser ett tag från att engelskan är lite tunn så brukar jag rekommendera den här serien både för att lära sig elektronik ur och som referens i e-bokhyllan.
http://openbookproject.net/electricCircuits/
Den består av flera delar som kontinuerligt fylls på fräschas upp.

Book I: Getting Started in Electronics............................ 9
Chapter 1: Welcome to Electronics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11
What Is Electricity?........................................................................................12
But Really, What Is Electricity?....................................................................13
What Is Electronics?......................................................................................16
What Can You Do with Electronics?............................................................18
Making noise.........................................................................................18
Making light..........................................................................................19
Transmitting to the world...................................................................19
Computing ............................................................................................19
Looking inside Electronic Devices ..............................................................20
Chapter 2: Understanding Electricity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .23
Pondering the Wonder of Electricity ..........................................................23
Looking for Electricity...................................................................................25
Peering Inside of Atoms................................................................................25
Examining the Elements ...............................................................................27
Minding Your Charges ..................................................................................27
Conductors and Insulators...........................................................................29
Understanding Current.................................................................................29
Understanding Voltage .................................................................................31
Comparing Direct and Alternating Current................................................34
Understanding Power ...................................................................................36
Chapter 3: Creating Your Mad-Scientist Lab . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .39
Setting Up Your Mad-Scientist Lab..............................................................40
Equipping Your Mad-Scientist Lab..............................................................42
Basic hand tools...................................................................................42
Magnifying glasses...............................................................................44
Third hands and hobby vises.............................................................45
Soldering iron.......................................................................................47
Multimeter ............................................................................................49
Solderless breadboard........................................................................49
Wire .......................................................................................................51
Batteries................................................................................................52
Other things to stock up on................................................................53
Stocking up on Basic Electronic Components...........................................55
Resistors ...............................................................................................55
Capacitors.............................................................................................56
Diodes....................................................................................................57
Light-Emitting Diodes..........................................................................57
Transistors............................................................................................58
Integrated Circuits...............................................................................58
One Last Thing...............................................................................................60
Chapter 4: Staying Safe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .61
Facing the Realities of Electrical Dangers ..................................................62
Household electrical current can kill you!........................................62
Even relatively small voltages can hurt you.....................................63
Sometimes voltage hides in unexpected places..............................65
Other Ways to Stay Safe................................................................................66
Keeping Safety Equipment on Hand............................................................68
Protecting Your Stuff from Static Discharges............................................68
Chapter 5: Reading Schematic Diagrams . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .71
Introducing a Simple Schematic Diagram...................................................72
Laying Out a Circuit.......................................................................................73
To Connect or Not to Connect.....................................................................74
Looking at Commonly Used Symbols..........................................................75
Simplifying Ground and Power Connections .............................................77
Labeling Components in a Schematic Diagram.........................................80
Representing Integrated Circuits in a Schematic Diagram.......................82
Chapter 6: Building Projects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .85
Looking at the Process of Building an Electronic Project........................85
Envisioning Your Project..............................................................................86
Designing Your Circuit..................................................................................89
Prototyping Your Circuit on a Solderless Breadboard.............................93
Understanding how solderless breadboards work.........................93
Laying out your circuit........................................................................95
Assembling the coin-toss circuit on a solderless breadboard.......97
What if it doesn’t work? ....................................................................104Table of Contents xiii
Constructing Your Circuit on a Printed Circuit Board (PCB)................104
Understanding how printed circuit boards work..........................104
Using a preprinted PCB.....................................................................105
Building the coin-toss circuit on a PCB...........................................107
Finding an Enclosure for Your Circuit......................................................113
Working with a project box..............................................................114
Mounting the coin-toss circuit in a box..........................................115
Chapter 7: The Secrets of Successful Soldering . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .123
Understanding How Solder Works ............................................................123
Procuring What You Need to Solder.........................................................124
Buying a soldering iron.....................................................................124
Stocking up on solder........................................................................125
Other goodies you need....................................................................126
Preparing to Solder .....................................................................................127
Soldering a Solid Solder Joint ...................................................................128
Checking Your Work ...................................................................................131
Desoldering ..................................................................................................132
Chapter 8: Measuring Circuits with a Multimeter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .135
Looking at Multimeters...............................................................................135
What a Multimeter Measures.....................................................................138
Ammeter..............................................................................................138
Voltmeter............................................................................................139
Ohmmeter...........................................................................................139
Other measurements.........................................................................141
Schematic symbols for meter functions.........................................141
Using Your Multimeter................................................................................141
Measuring current.............................................................................143
Measuring voltage..............................................................................145
Measuring resistance ........................................................................147
Chapter 9: Catching Waves with an Oscilloscope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .149
Understanding Oscilloscopes....................................................................150
Examining Waveforms ................................................................................152
Calibrating an Oscilloscope .......................................................................154
Displaying Signals........................................................................................157

Book II: Working with Basic Electronic Components.... 161
Chapter 1: Working with Basic Circuits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .163
What Is a Circuit?.........................................................................................163
Using Batteries.............................................................................................166
Building a Lamp Circuit..............................................................................169
Working with Switches ...............................................................................169
The many ways to throw the switch...............................................172
Making connections with poles and throws...................................173xiv Electronics All-in-One For Dummies
Building a Switched Lamp Circuit.............................................................175
Understand Series and Parallel Circuits...................................................180
Building a Series Lamp Circuit...................................................................181
Building a Parallel Lamp Circuit................................................................184
Using Switches in Series and Parallel........................................................184
Building a Series Switch Circuit.................................................................188
Building a Parallel Switch Circuit..............................................................189
Switching between Two Lamps .................................................................194
Building a Three-Way Lamp Switch ..........................................................198
Reversing Polarity.......................................................................................198
Chapter 2: Working with Resistors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .205
What Is Resistance?.....................................................................................205
Measuring Resistance.................................................................................206
Looking at Ohm’s Law.................................................................................207
Introducing Resistors..................................................................................209
Reading Resistor Color Codes ...................................................................211
Reading a resistor’s value.................................................................211
Understanding resistor tolerance....................................................214
Understanding Resistor Power Ratings....................................................214
Limiting Current with a Resistor ...............................................................215
Combining Resistors...................................................................................217
Combining Resistors in Series..........................................................217
Combining Resistors in Parallel.......................................................220
Mixing Series and Parallel Resistors ...............................................222
Combining Resistors in Series and Parallel....................................223
Dividing Voltage...........................................................................................227
Dividing Voltage with Resistors.................................................................228
Varying Resistance with a Potentiometer ................................................228
Chapter 3: Working with Capacitors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .233
What Is a Capacitor? ...................................................................................233
Counting Capacitance.................................................................................236
Reading Capacitor Values...........................................................................238
The Many Sizes and Shapes of Capacitors...............................................240
Calculating Time Constants for Resistor/Capacitor Networks..............242
Combining Capacitors.................................................................................245
Combining capacitors in parallel.....................................................245
Connecting capacitors in series.......................................................246
Putting Capacitors to Work........................................................................248
Charging and Discharging a Capacitor .....................................................248
Blocking DC while Passing AC....................................................................252
Chapter 4: Working with Inductors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .257
What Is Magnetism? ....................................................................................258
The north and south of magnetism.................................................258
Pondering permanent magnets........................................................259
Examining Electromagnets.........................................................................260Table of Contents xv
Inducing Current..........................................................................................261
Inductance and the art of resisting change....................................261
Regarding henry.................................................................................264
Calculating RL Time Constants..................................................................264
Calculating Inductive Reactance ...............................................................266
Combining Inductors...................................................................................267
Putting Inductors to Work..........................................................................268
Chapter 5: Working with Diodes and LEDs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .269
What Is a Semiconductor?..........................................................................270
Doping: It’s not just for athletes.......................................................272
Understanding p-n junctions............................................................273
Introducing Diodes......................................................................................275
The Many Types of Diodes.........................................................................277
Rectifier diodes..................................................................................277
Signal diodes.......................................................................................277
Zener diodes.......................................................................................279
Using a Diode to Block Reverse Polarity..................................................280
Putting Rectifiers to Work..........................................................................281
Building Rectifier Circuits...........................................................................284
Introducing Light Emitting Diodes ............................................................285
Using LEDs to Detect Polarity....................................................................291
Chapter 6: Working with Transistors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .295
What’s the Big Deal About Transistors?...................................................296
Why were transistors invented?......................................................296
Looking inside a transistor...............................................................298
Examining transistor specifications................................................301
Amplifying with a Transistor......................................................................302
Using a Transistor as a Switch...................................................................306
An LED Driver Circuit..................................................................................308
Looking at a Simple NOT Gate Circuit......................................................309
Building a NOT Gate....................................................................................312
Oscillating with a Transistor......................................................................313
Building An LED Flasher .............................................................................318
Wrapping Up Our Exploration of Discrete Components........................319

Book III: Working with Integrated Circuits................. 323
Chapter 1: Introducing Integrated Circuits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .325
What Exactly Is an Integrated Circuit?......................................................326
Looking at How Integrated Circuits Are Made.........................................327
Integrated Circuit Packages .......................................................................328
Using ICs in Schematic Diagrams ..............................................................330
Powering ICs.................................................................................................332
Avoiding Static and Heat Damage .............................................................333
Reading IC Data Sheets ...............................................................................334xvi Electronics All-in-One For Dummies
Popular Integrated Circuits........................................................................335
555 Timer ............................................................................................335
741 and LM324 Op-Amp....................................................................335
78xx Voltage Regulator .....................................................................336
74xx Logic Family...............................................................................336
Chapter 2: The Fabulous 555 Timer Chip . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .337
Looking at How the 555 Works ..................................................................337
Understanding 555 Modes..........................................................................340
Using the 555 in Monostable (One-Shot) Mode.......................................340
Looking at a typical 555 monostable circuit..................................341
Looking at the resistor-capacitor circuit in a monostable timer ...342
Calculating the time interval for a monostable circuit.................343
Using the 555 in Astable (Oscillator) Mode .............................................344
Looking at a typical astable circuit.................................................344
Controlling the time intervals in an astable 555 circuit................346
Calculating the duty cycle................................................................348
Using the 555 in Bistable (Flip-Flop) Mode ..............................................349
Using the 555 Timer Output.......................................................................351
Doubling Up with the 556 Dual Timer.......................................................354
Making a One-Shot Timer ...........................................................................357
Making an LED Flasher................................................................................360
Using a Set/Reset Switch ............................................................................365
Making a Beeper ..........................................................................................369
Chapter 3: Working with Op-Amps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .375
Looking at Operational Amplifiers ............................................................375
Understanding Open Loop Amplifiers ......................................................380
Looking at Closed Loop Amplifiers ...........................................................382
Using an Op Amp as a Unity Gain Amplifier.............................................385
Configuring a unity follower.............................................................386
Configuring a Unity Inverter.............................................................387
Using an Op Amp as a Voltage Comparator.............................................387
Adding Voltages...........................................................................................390
Working with Op Amp ICs ..........................................................................394

Book IV: Getting into Alternating Current................... 395
Chapter 1: Understanding Alternating Current . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .397
What Is Alternating Current? .....................................................................398
Measuring Alternating Current..................................................................400
Understanding Alternators.........................................................................402
Understanding Motors................................................................................404
Understanding Transformers.....................................................................405Table of Contents xvii
Chapter 2: Working with Line Voltage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .409
Using Line Voltage in Your Projects..........................................................409
Being safe with line voltage..............................................................411
Understanding hot, neutral, and ground........................................412
Wires and Connectors for Working with Line Voltage ...........................414
Using Fuses to Protect Line-Voltage Circuits...........................................416
Using Relays to Control Line-Voltage Circuits.........................................418
Chapter 3: Building Power Supplies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .423
Using a Power Adapter ...............................................................................424
Understanding What a Power Supply Does..............................................425
Transforming Voltage .................................................................................425
Turning AC into DC......................................................................................427
Half-wave rectifier..............................................................................428
Full-wave rectifier ..............................................................................428
Bridge rectifier ...................................................................................429
Filtering Rectified Current..........................................................................430
Regulating Voltage.......................................................................................432

Book V: Working with Radio and Infrared .................. 435
Chapter 1: Understanding Radio . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .437
Understanding Radio Waves......................................................................438
Transmitting and Receiving Radio............................................................440
Understanding radio transmitters...................................................441
Understanding radio receivers ........................................................442
Understanding AM Radio............................................................................444
Understanding FM Radio............................................................................446
Chapter 2: Building a Crystal Radio . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .451
Looking at a Simple Crystal Radio Circuit................................................452
Gathering Your Parts ..................................................................................454
Building the Coil ..........................................................................................455
Assembling the Circuit................................................................................457
Stringing Up an Antenna.............................................................................459
Connecting to Ground.................................................................................461
Using the Crystal Radio ..............................................................................462
Chapter 3: Working with Infrared . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .463
Introducing Infrared Light..........................................................................463
Detecting Infrared Light..............................................................................465
Creating Infrared Light................................................................................467
Building a Proximity Detector....................................................................471xviii Electronics All-in-One For Dummies
Building a Common-Emitter Proximity Detector.....................................471
Building a Common-Collector Proximity Detector..................................476

Book VI: Doing Digital Electronics............................. 481
Chapter 1: Understanding Digital Electronics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .483
Distinguishing Analog and Digital Electronics.........................................483
Understanding Binary.................................................................................485
Knowing your number systems .......................................................486
Counting by ones...............................................................................486
Doing the logic thing .........................................................................489
Using Switches to Build Gates ...................................................................491
Chapter 2: Getting Logical . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .499
Introducing Boolean Logic and Logic Gates ............................................500
Looking at NOT Gates .................................................................................501
Looking at AND Gates .................................................................................502
Looking at OR Gates....................................................................................506
Looking at NAND Gates...............................................................................507
Looking at NOR Gates .................................................................................509
Looking at XOR and XNOR Gates ..............................................................511
De Marvelous De Morgan’s Theorem........................................................513
All You Need Is NAND (Or NOR)................................................................515
Universal NAND Gates.......................................................................515
Universal NOR Gates .........................................................................516
Using Software to Practice with Gates......................................................517
Chapter 3: Working with Logic Circuits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .519
Creating Logic Gates with Transistors .....................................................519
A transistor NOT gate circuit...........................................................520
A transistor AND gate circuit...........................................................524
A transistor NAND gate circuit.........................................................524
A transistor OR gate circuit..............................................................526
A transistor NOR gate circuit...........................................................526
Introducing Integrated Circuit Logic Gates..............................................530
Introducing the Versatile 4000-Series Logic Gates..................................535
Building Projects with the 4011 Quad Two-Input NAND Gate ...............537
Chapter 4: Interfacing to Your Computer’s Parallel Port . . . . . . . . . . .549
Understanding the Parallel Port................................................................549
The makeup of a parallel port..........................................................550
The DB25 connector and its pins.....................................................550
Pinout assignments ...........................................................................551
Designing a Parallel-Port Circuit................................................................553Table of Contents xix
Working with DB25 Connectors.................................................................555
Controlling Parallel-Port Output from an MS-DOS Prompt....................556
Using the RELAY command..............................................................558
Creating a command script..............................................................559
Seeing why timing is everything......................................................561
Building a Parallel-Port LED Flasher .........................................................563
Introducing Seven-Segment Displays........................................................564
Building a Seven-Segment Display Countdown Timer............................570
Using Darlington Arrays to Drive High-Current Outputs........................574
Building a Motor Driver ..............................................................................576
Using a Kit 74 Relay Controller..................................................................577
Chapter 5: Working with Flip-Flops . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .583
Looking at Latches ......................................................................................583
Looking at Gated Latches...........................................................................592
Introducing Flip-Flops.................................................................................594
Debouncing a Clock Input..........................................................................601

SeniorLemuren skrev:Ok. Kanske bara vissa maskiningenjörskurser har ämnen som styrteknik med digitalteknik eller elektronik i sitt program. Många har det ju som tillval. Vid vilken skola bedriver du dina studier? Finns där inte en studiehandledare som kan ge dig bra råd om elektronikbiten?

Andy skrev:178 kr för nästan 800 sidor teknik är en bra deal, att det sedan är anpassat till "Dummies" gör ju inte saken sämre.